Process Encounter
Claims Adjudication
The Process Encounter business process receives original or adjusted encounter (e.g., institutional, professional, dental, pharmacy, and waiver) information via web or Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) transaction and determines its submission status, and based on that: • Performs Encounter Edits: - Edit a single transaction for valid syntax and format, identifiers and codes, dates, and other information required for the transaction. - Validate business edits, service coverage, Third-Party Liability (TPL), and reference coding. • Performs Encounter Audits: - Verify against historical information. - Verify that services requiring authorization have approval, clinical appropriateness, and payment integrity. • Suspends encounter that fail edits or audits for return to the provider for corrections, additional information, or internal review according to state defined business rules. - Apply National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) Edits. - Apply Diagnosis Related Group (DRG)/Ambulatory Payment Classification (APC), as appropriate. - Prices Encounters: ✓ Calculate state allowed amount. ✓ Calculate paid amount. ✓ Set paid amount to zero dollars. NOTE: All encounters will go through most of the business process steps but with different business rules associated with the different encounter claim types. Both Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and state policy determine business rules for encounter edits, audits, and pricing methodologies. State business rules define whether an encounter goes to a to-be-paid status, suspends, flags for information, or denies. State business rules define whether an edit is fatal or non-fatal as well. See Constraints. NOTE: An adjustment to an encounter is on an exception use case to this business process that follows the same process path except it requires a link to the previously submitted processed encounter in order to reverse the original encounter and associate the original and replacement encounter in the calculation information. NOTE: This business process is part of a suite including Calculate Spend-down Amount, Submit Electronic Attachment, and Generate Financial Report business processes.
Business Process Template
- Periodic timetable (e.g., daily, weekly) is due for adjudication and payment cycles.
- Receive encounter via Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) X12 837 Health Care Claim encounter transactions.
- Receive Retail Pharmacy Encounter Transaction (National Council for Prescription Drug Programs (NCPDP) Telecommunications Standard).
- The State Medicaid Agency (SMA) adjudicates an encounter.
- If applicable, alert sent to submitter via ASC X12 TA1 Interchange Acknowledgment, 997 Functional Acknowledgment, 999 Implementation Acknowledgment, and/or the 824 Application Advice transaction(s) per Trading Partner Agreement (TPA).
- If applicable, alert sent to send to submitter via ASC X12 277 Health Care Information Status Notification for requesting additional information.
- If applicable, receive alert from receiver via ASC X12 TA1 Interchange Acknowledgment, 997 Functional Acknowledgment, 999 Implementation Acknowledgment, and/or the 824 Application Advice transaction(s) per Trading Partner Agreement (TPA).
- Alert sent to Prepare Provider Payment business process for capitation payment.
- If applicable, alert sent to Generate Financial Report business process with payment and/or error report information.
- If applicable, alert sent to send to Manage TPL Recovery business process for third-party insurance.
- Tracking information as needed for measuring performance and business activity monitoring.
- 1. START: Receive encounter submission or encounter adjustment information.
- 2. Perform Fatal Edits: a. If electronic encounter submission, perform ASC X12N edits for valid syntax and format, identifiers and codes, dates, and other information required for the transaction according to the agreed-upon levels 1-7 stated in the Trading Partner Agreement. i. If applicable, alert sent to submitter via ASC X12 TA1 Interchange Acknowledgment, 997 Functional Acknowledgment, 999 Implementation Acknowledgment, and/or the 824 Application Advice transaction(s) per Trading Partner Agreement (TPA). END: Business process stops. b. Validate that encounter submission meets filing deadlines based on service dates. c. If applicable, reject encounter for electronic fatal validation errors and send alert to Generate Financial Report business process with error
- 3. Perform Non-Fatal Edits: a. Determine encounter status as initial, adjustment to a processed encounter, or a duplicate submission that is already in the adjudication process but not yet completed and loaded into encounter payment history (using a unique Patient Account Number). i. If applicable, associate encounter adjustment to original encounter submission. b. Validate provider information (e.g., provider taxonomy, NPI, enrollment status, approved to bill for this service). c. Validate member information (e.g., demographics, eligibility status on the date of service). d. Validate the SMA covers service in member’s health benefit and apply appropriate rules. For example: i. Adult member benefit package does not cover dental services so deny the encounter. e. Validate appropriateness of service codes including correct code set versions, and correct association of services with diagnosis and member demographic and health status. f. If provider submits service authorization, referral or treatment plan number, verify the number, member, provider, service, and date(s) of service. g. If state defined business rules identify certain edits that cause an encounter to suspend, and an encounter fails for one or more of them, send alert to Generate Financial Report business process with error report information. END: Business process stops.
- 4. Perform Audits: a. Check encounter history for duplicate processed encounter using search key information such as in-house encounter number, date of service, provider and member demographics, service, and diagnosis codes. b. If provider did not submit service authorization, referral or treatment plan, and one exists on file, validate number, member, provider, service, and date(s) of service against claims history. c. Check Clinical Appropriateness of the services provided based on clinical, case, and disease management protocols. d. Perform Prospective Payment Integrity Check. e. If state defined business rules identify certain audits that cause an encounter to suspend, and an encounter fails for one or more of them, send alert to Generate Financial Report business process with error report information. END: Business process stops.
- 5. Validate National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) (bundle/unbundle codes).
- 6. If applicable, apply Diagnosis Related Group (DRG)/Ambulatory Payment Classification (APC) business rules.
- 7. Perform Pricing (Shadow-Pricing): a. Calculates state allowed payment amount by applying pricing algorithms (e.g., member-specific pricing, DRG, APC). b. Calculates to-be-paid amount by deducting: i. Contributions provided by Member. ii. Provider advances, liens, and recoupments.
- 8. Send alert to Prepare Provider Payment business process for payment.
- 9. END: Send alert to Generate Financial Report business process with payment information.
- Alternate Path: Suspended Encounter
- 1. START: Provider submits corrected information in response to an error notification.
- 2. Process it as if it is an original encounter. a. Go to step 2 of the Process Encounter business process.
- 3. END: Business process stops.
- Receive Inbound Transaction
- Submit Electronic Attachment
- Send Outbound Transaction
- Calculate Spend-down Amount
- Generate Financial Report
- Submit Electronic Attachment
- Manage Data
- EDI Translator data store including ASC X12 Implementation Guide Validation Edits for Levels 1 through 7 encounter data store including payment, in-house encounter number, and Patient Account Number information
- Provider data store including performing prospective program Integrity (e.g., HIPDB) and Medicare/Medicaid sanctions information, provider network, and contract information
- Member data store including demographics, eligibility, enrollment, and member-specific pricing
- Plan data store including health benefit information (e.g., covered services, units, life-time limits, units and funding limits for authorized services, and benefit package-specific rates)
- Reference data store including filing deadlines, code set, drug formulary, and service code formulary. Additional information includes Diagnosis Related Group (DRG), Ambulatory Payment Classification (APC), and National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) information
- Authorization data store including authorization and treatment plan information
- Rate setting data store including applicable rates
- Encounter data store including adjudication and encounter payment history information
- Financial data store including accounts receivable and accounts payable information
All encounter claim types will go through most of the steps within the Process Encounter business process main flow with some variance of business rules and information. Types of counter variances include: Institutional, Professional, Dental, Pharmacy, and Waiver encounters; Medicare Crossover and Medicare Part D pharmacy encounters; and Coordination of Benefits (COB) encounters received from payers secondary to Medicaid (e.g., for IHS eligibles). The business rules will conform to federal and state-specific rules and pricing algorithms. Editing, auditing, and pricing variances could exist on services billed by encounter claim type, provider taxonomy code, service line codes, and the process may require additional information. An adjustment to an encounter follows the same business process path except that it requires a link to the previously submitted and processed encounter in order to reverse the original encounter and associate the original to the adjustment.
- Encounter submitted without all the required information.
- Encounter submitted after encounter filing deadline. Other Edit Failures: Encounter information has other errors. For example:
- The SMA does not cover the service because it is not in the health benefit, or is not in an approved facility or performed by an approved provider type.
- Service is not appropriate based on member demographics.
- Time to complete Process Encounter business process: e.g., Real Time response = within __ seconds, Batch Response = within __ hour
- Accuracy with which edits, audits, and pricing algorithms are applied and to-be-paid and paid amount is calculated = ___%
- Consistency of decisions on suspended encounters = ___%
- Error rate = __% or less
Source: CMS MITA 3.0 Business Process Template, Operations Management BPT.pdf, pages 13-18.
Business Capability Model (12 questions)
Each capability question defines five maturity levels, from Level 1 through Level 5.
Business Capability Descriptions
Is the process primarily manual or automatic?
- LEVEL 1The process consists primarily of manual paper-based activity to accomplish tasks. SMA scans or manually enters encounters into an electronic record format.
- LEVEL 2SMA uses a mix of manual and automatic processes to accomplish tasks. SMA continues to accept paper encounters, but most managed care organizations submit encounters electronically
- LEVEL 3SMA automates process to the full extent possible within the intrastate. Managed care organizations and any other external processor (e.g., Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM), mental health, dental or other agencies) submit all encounters electronically. SMA adjudicates encounters via standardized business rules definitions according to methodologies of the National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI).
- LEVEL 4SMA automates process to the full extent possible via regional standardized business rules definitions.
- LEVEL 5SMA automates process to the full extent possible via national standardized business rules definitions.
Does the State Medicaid Agency use standards in the process?
- LEVEL 1SMA focuses on meeting compliance thresholds for state and federal regulations using state-specific standards.
- LEVEL 2SMA applies a mix of HIPAA Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) X12 837 Health Care Claim and National Council for Prescription Drug Programs (NCPDP) and state-specific standards. SMA receives encounter information electronically or via web sites.
- LEVEL 3SMA adopts MITA Framework, industry standards, and other nationally recognized standards (e.g., code sets) for encounter processing.
- LEVEL 4SMA adopts MITA Framework, industry standards, and other nationally recognized standards for interstate encounter processing.
- LEVEL 5SMA adopts MITA Framework, industry standards, and other nationally recognized standards for national encounter processing.
How integrated is the process?
- LEVEL 1There is little coordination between the portions of SMA responsible for encounter processing.
- LEVEL 2SMA centralizes common processes to achieve economies of scale and increase coordination.
- LEVEL 3SMA fully integrates process between intrastate agencies and other entities.
- LEVEL 4SMA integrates process to the full extent possible across the interstate.
- LEVEL 5SMA integrates process to the full extent possible across the nation.
How easy is it to change edit business rules and criteria?
- LEVEL 1SMA embeds business rules and validations directly into the source code. Changes are difficult, lengthy, and costly.
- LEVEL 2SMA has mix of automatic business rules definitions and embedded business rules and validation directly into the source code. Changes to edits, audits and pricing business rules results in unintended downstream processing consequences. Average change takes fewer business days than Level 1.
- LEVEL 3SMA automates process to the full extent possible across the intrastate. Related processes are decoupled, allowing changes in the editing, auditing and pricing standardized business rules definitions without affecting downstream processes. Average changes take less time than Level 2.
- LEVEL 4SMA automates process to the full extent possible by using regional standardized business rules definitions.
- LEVEL 5SMA automates process to the full extent possible by using national standardized business rules definitions.
How does the State Medicaid Agency collaborate with other agencies or entities in performing the process?
- LEVEL 1Very little collaboration occurs with other agencies to standardize information exchange or business tasks.
- LEVEL 2SMA collaborates with other agencies and entities to adopt HIPAA standards and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) transactions
- LEVEL 3SMA collaborates with other intrastate agencies and entities to adopt national standards, and to develop and share reusable business services.
- LEVEL 4SMA collaborates with other interstate agencies and entities to adopt national standards, and to develop and share reusable processes including clinical information.
- LEVEL 5SMA collaborates with agencies and entities for national (and international) interoperability improvements that maximize automation of routine operations.
Business Capability Quality: Timeliness of Process
How timely is the end-to-end process?
- LEVEL 1Process meets threshold or mandated requirements for timeliness (i.e., the process achieves results within the time specified by law or regulation). Manual processing steps may require multiple business days to complete encounter editing, auditing, or pricing. Suspended encounters require lengthy manual resolution.
- LEVEL 2Process timeliness improves through use of automation. Timeliness exceeds legal requirements. Electronic encounter processing and point-of-sale adjudication greatly increase timeliness. The entire encounter process completes within 24 hours or less.
- LEVEL 3Timeliness improves via state and federal collaboration, use of information sharing, standards, and regional information exchange hubs. Timeliness exceeds Level 2.
- LEVEL 4Information is available in near real time. Processes that use clinical information result in immediate action, response, and results. SMA has interstate interoperability, which further improves timeliness over Level 3.
- LEVEL 5Information is available in real time. Processes improve further through connectivity with other States and with federal agencies. Most processes execute at the point of service. Results are almost immediate.
Business Capability Quality: Data Access and Accuracy
How accurate is the information in the process?
- LEVEL 1Use of direct data entry for information collection is manually intensive and susceptible to inconsistent or incorrect information. Stakeholders are unable to rely on information for decision-making. It is difficult for reviewers to consistently interpret and apply adjudication business rules manually. Unstructured attachment data increases inconsistency of the review process.
- LEVEL 2HIPAA standard transactions improve accuracy of information but the decision-making process may be erroneous or misleading. Accuracy is higher than at Level 1.
- LEVEL 3Automation of information collection increases the reliability of SMA’s internal information. External sources of information use MITA Framework and industry standards for information exchange. Decision-making is automatic using standardized business rules definitions. Accuracy rating is at 99% or higher.
- LEVEL 4Automation of information collection increases the reliability of SMA’s internal and external sources of information. SMA adopts MITA Framework and industry standards for information exchange with interstate agencies. Decision-making is automatic using regional standardized business rules definitions. Accuracy rating is at 99% or higher.
- LEVEL 5SMA adopts MITA Framework and industry standards for information exchange with national agencies. Decision-making is automatic using national standardized business rules definitions. Accuracy rating is at 99% or higher.
How accessible is the information in the process?
- LEVEL 1SMA stores information in disparate systems including paper storage and obtains information manually.
- LEVEL 2SMA stores information in disparate systems, but automation and HIPAA standards increase accessibility over Level 1.
- LEVEL 3SMA obtains information easily and exchanges with intrastate agencies and entities based on MITA Framework and industry standards. Accessibility is greater than Level 2.
- LEVEL 4SMA obtains information easily and exchanges with interstate agencies and entities. Accessibility is greater than Level 3.
- LEVEL 5SMA obtains information easily and exchanges with national agencies and entities. Accessibility is greater than Level 4.
Business Capability Quality: Cost Effectiveness
What is the cost of the process compared to the benefits of its results?
- LEVEL 1High relative cost due to low number of automatic, standardized tasks.
- LEVEL 2Automation improves process and allows focus on exception resolution, improving cost effectiveness ratio over Level 1.
- LEVEL 3SMA adopts MITA Framework, industry standards, and other nationally recognized standards further improving cost effectiveness ratio over Level 2.
- LEVEL 4SMA adopts MITA Framework, industry standards, and other nationally recognized standards for interstate information exchange. SMA increases cost effectiveness ratio over Level 3.
- LEVEL 5SMA adopts MITA Framework, industry standards, and other nationally recognized standards for national (and international) information exchange. SMA increases cost effectiveness ratio over level 4.
Business Capability Quality: Effort to Perform; Efficiency
How efficient is the process?
- LEVEL 1Process is labor intensive. There is wasted effort or expense to accomplish tasks. Process meets minimum state process guidelines and SMA performance standards. Efficiency is low.
- LEVEL 2Automation and state standards increase productivity. Efficiency is higher than Level 1
- LEVEL 3SMA adopts MITA Framework, industry standards, by intrastate agencies and entities improving efficiency to 95% or higher.
- LEVEL 4SMA adopts MITA Framework, industry standards, by interstate agencies and entities improving efficiency to 98% or higher.
- LEVEL 5SMA adopts MITA Framework, industry standards, by national agencies and entities improving efficiency to 98% or higher.
Business Capability Quality: Accuracy of Process Results
How accurate are the results of the process?
- LEVEL 1Manual processes result in greater opportunity for human error. Accuracy is low.
- LEVEL 2Automation and standardized business rules definitions reduce error and improve accuracy above Level 1.
- LEVEL 3SMA adopts MITA Framework, industry standards, and standardized business rules definitions by intrastate agencies and entities improving accuracy to 90% or higher.
- LEVEL 4SMA adopts MITA Framework, industry standards, and regional standardized business rules definitions by interstate agencies and entities improving accuracy to 98% or higher.
- LEVEL 5SMA adopts MITA Framework, industry standards, and national standardized business rules definitions, by national agencies and entities improving accuracy to 98% or higher.
Business Capability Quality: Utility or Value to Stakeholders
Does the business process satisfy stakeholders?
- LEVEL 1Stakeholders lack confidence in information negatively affecting stakeholder satisfaction with the process.
- LEVEL 2Automation and standardization provides clear and useful information. Stakeholder satisfaction is greater than Level 1.
- LEVEL 3SMA adopts MITA Framework, industry standards, by intrastate agencies and entities improving stakeholder satisfaction to 90% or higher. SMA uses survey or questionnaire for information collection.
- LEVEL 4SMA adopts MITA Framework, industry standards, by interstate agencies and entities improving stakeholder satisfaction to 95% or higher.
- LEVEL 5SMA adopts MITA Framework, industry standards, by national agencies and entities improving stakeholder satisfaction to 98% or higher.
Source: CMS MITA 3.0 Business Capability Model, Operations Management BCM.pdf, pages 31-38.